Chinese Approaches to Literature from Confucius to Liang Chi-Chao - Paperbackby Adele Austin Rickett (Author) These essays, by Chinese and Western scholars, treat selected aspects of Chinese literary theory, history, and criticism from the age of Confucius to the beginning of the twentieth century. The topics examined include Confucius as a literary critic (Donald Holzman); the view of ch'i, or vital force, as a decisive element in creative writing (David Pollard); the literary theories of the eleventh century poet and